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Life Insurance 101
By: Roger Overanout
All types of Life Insurance fall into one of the four groups explained below,
which type you use depends on the type of risk you wish to protect and the funds
you have available.
Term Assurance
Cash lump sum paid out in the event of death
Straight term assurance is still a very cost-effective way of providing
financial protection for the family or business. A lump sum is normally provided
when a claim is made which is paid into the estate of the policyholder.
In order to avoid complications with delays in probate or inheritance tax, an
appropriate trust can be used so that any payment is made direct to the
beneficiaries.
It is also possible to have the cover indexed according to inflation, so that
the level of cover remains the same in real terms. Since there is no element of
saving, the plans do not acquire a surrender value. If you wish to include this
option, you could opt for convertible term assurance.
Family Income Benefit
A regular income paid following death during the term of the plan
This type of plan provides for a regular income to be paid out in the event of
the death of the life assured during the term of the policy. With each month
that passes, the liability which the insurance companies is taking on decreases
by a set amount. This enables the costs to be kept down to a minimum and is
often the least expensive plan available.
The benefits can be written in trust to avoid legal delays and any possible
liability to inheritance tax.
Mortgage Protection.
This type of plan is also a term policy which covers the declining balance of a
repayment mortgage. This enables the cost to be kept to a minimum but make sure
that the interest rate figure is high enough for any possible increases in the
mortgage rate.
Whole of Life Cover
Provides cover for the rest of your life
The main disadvantage of term cover is that at the end of the term, cover ceases
and any new policy has to be underwritten according to the age and health of the
policyholder at that time. When a whole of life policy is taken out, the
policyholder has guaranteed insurability for the rest of their lives, regardless
of any change in their health.
This means that initial premiums are likely to be higher than term assurance
cover, but the plan has far more flexibility. It therefore depends on your
personal circumstances as to which plan is likely to best suit your
requirements.
Critical Illness Cover
Cash lump sum for those who die or have a critical illness
In recent years, the need for protection for those who actually survive serious
illness or accident has become more apparent. It has been described as 'life
cover for the living'.
Most plans cover the common conditions such as heart attack, stroke and most
forms of cancer, but there is variation on more rare conditions. In addition to
specific illnesses, it is quite common to have permanent disability cover. If
you become permanently disabled and unable to return to work, the plan pays out.
There is however, a wide variation in the definition of 'return to work. Some
plans would only cover you if you were totally unable to work. Others have an
own occupation? clause so that if you were unable to return to your normal
occupation, a claim could be made. This is an extremely important fact to bear
in mind when selecting your insurer.
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